每日英语新闻 | “太空出差三人组”准备回家啦！除了打包行李，他们还要做这件事……
神舟十三号的3名航天员
已经在空间站
工作生活了5个多月
按计划他们将在轨工作生活
180天左右
目前“三人组”的身体和心理状况
都好于预期
满足返回地球的条件
四月将至
“太空出差三人组”
正式进入“回家”倒计时！
Counting down their 180-day stay in China's space home, the Shenzhou-13 taikonauts have started preparations for their departure after having lived in the Tianhe space station core cabin for more than five months.
The physical and psychological conditions of the three crew members are better than expected, and they are scheduled to return to Earth in mid-April.
准备“回家”的神舟十三号乘组
最近要忙些什么呢？
一起来看↓
整理“房间”、盘点物资
航天员进入空间站核心舱后，从货运飞船搬下来很多生活用品和实验设备。而在“回家”之前，他们需要把舱内环境尽量恢复原样，比如健身器材、实验用品、维修备件等都要重新打包，放回指定的位置。为防止潜藏危险的飘浮滑落现象，一些物品还需要被固定在空间站内壁上。另外，他们要对剩余的物资进行盘点和归类，以便未来神舟十四号飞船乘组“入住”。
Before going home, the crew members need to repack their belongings, including fitness equipment, laboratory supplies and maintenance parts, and put them back in the designated locations. Some items may need to be fixed to the walls in to avoid floating and slipping.
They have to put all equipment in place since there will be a gap of more than one month before the astronauts of Shenzhou XIV enter the space station.
收拾“行李”、“大扫除”
航天员们“回家”前还要收拾“行李”，不仅包括摸得着的物品，也要“搬运数据”。“出差”半年，3名航天员在天宫空间站内开展了多项空间物理、生命科学、材料科学、天文探测等领域的实验，实验数据、记录等都要从空间站核心舱“搬运”到神舟十三号飞船返回舱，带回地面。
另外，航天员返回地球之前，需要对空间站来一次彻底“大扫除”，做好收集和整理工作。比如残余食品垃圾、卫生用品垃圾、在轨实验产生的废弃物等都需要打包分类后，放入轨道舱，然后随轨道舱坠入大气层，燃烧殆尽。
Experimental data and samples will also need to be "packed" and brought back to Earth. There will be a thorough "house-cleaning" to sort out all kinds of waste produced during the mission.
锻炼身体
航天员在空间站的微重力环境内长期工作生活，身体会发生很大变化，比如体液减少，肌肉萎缩，骨质流失，甚至免疫系统紊乱。为了缓解这些状况可能造成的危害，航天员每天都要在空间站里锻炼，回家前还需要进行强化锻炼，为返回地面提前做好适应性调整。
此外，航天员地面中心的失重生理效应防护团队会根据3位航天员的实时身体状况，提供“锻炼处方”。等他们安全落地后，地面专业团队需要根据之前积累的数据和实时检测，尽快开展保护和隔离，帮助航天员恢复身体素质和心理健康，适应地球生活。
To ensure their safe and smooth return, the taikonauts have been doing physical exercises to train their muscles. Meanwhile, the ground support team has evaluated their physical and psychological conditions, and made targeted adjustments.
与此同时，为了迎接3名航天员平安返回地球家园，酒泉卫星发射中心搜救分队联合其他搜救力量，在东风着陆场展开了针对性的训练演练。
The Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in Northwest China's Gansu Province held a rescue drill on Monday for the Shenzhou-13's return at its Dongfeng landing site, simulating the whole process from spotting the return capsule to various rescue and settlement arrangements.
Medical service teams for rescuing taikonauts will conduct exercises and receive training before the return, such as how to land by using a helicopter and how to keep returned taikonauts warm in April when the northern part of China is still pretty cold, a source close to the matter told the Global Times on condition of anonymity.
熟悉流程、“关灯锁门”
一般来说，航天员必须熟悉整个返回过程中的必要操作和应急预案，比如何时该进行载人飞船与空间站组合体分离、何时启动推进器等。除此之外，他们还要认真检查飞船返回舱，确保各项系统正常工作，尤其是飞船推进装置和动力控制系统。
航天员离开空间站之前，还需要做好临行状态设置，把电、水、气、通信等方面都设置到位。根据国内外经验，他们很可能总共要调整好四五十项，保证空间站在后续执行无人任务期间能够向地面传输有效参数。
临走之前，航天员还要关闭空间站内各个舱门，再从核心舱返回神舟十三号飞船，安稳坐好后，系上安全带，并检查航天服的气密性及设备的完好度。一切准备就绪之后，就等候“发车”了！
欢迎回家！
期待航天员凯旋归来！
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来源：中国航天报、央视新闻Global Times、21世纪英文报如需转载请注明以上内容晶报传媒运营
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